Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a bacterium commonly found on human skin and mucous membranes. While often harmless, its role in eczema, particularly atopic dermatitis (AD), is significant. Understanding this relationship is crucial for effective management of the condition.
Prevalence of S. aureus in Eczema Patients
Research indicates that individuals with eczema are more frequently colonized by S. aureus compared to those without the condition. A study published in the British Journal of Dermatology found that lesional skin of patients with eczema and AD was more frequently colonized with S. aureus than nonlesional skin.
Impact on Eczema Severity
The presence of S. aureus on the skin can exacerbate eczema symptoms. The bacterium releases toxins that act as superantigens, triggering an overactive immune response and increasing skin inflammation. This leads to heightened itching, redness, and lesion formation. Moreover, S. aureus can disrupt the skin barrier, making it more susceptible to irritants and allergens.
Clinical Evidence
A study published in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology observed that skin colonization by S. aureus was significantly associated with eczema severity. The research highlighted that higher levels of S. aureus correlated with more severe eczema symptoms.
Management Strategies
Addressing S. aureus colonization is a critical component of eczema management. Interventions aimed at reducing the bacterial load have been shown to improve clinical outcomes. For instance, a randomized clinical trial demonstrated that bacteriotherapy with an autologous strain of skin commensal bacteria can safely decrease S. aureus colonization and improve symptoms in patients with atopic dermatitis.
Additionally, treatments like sodium hypochlorite (bleach) baths have been reported to improve atopic dermatitis severity in children with moderate-to-severe eczema. These baths help reduce S. aureus colonization on the skin.